X.f

Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)

An absolute emergency. Anaphylaxis and  anaphylactoid reactions (Review at PMID 28800865). Drug-induced anaphylaxis can be fatal (PMID 25280385). Drugs (NSAIDs, antibiotics, RCM) are foremost as a cause of anaphylaxis (PMID: 25553259). Expression is more severe and treatment more difficult in patients who were receiving beta-blockers prior to the episode (PMID 6114116, 6146275). Angioedema, bronchospasm, shock common. Consider i.m. epinephrine and liberal fluid administration quickly. See also under shock (XIIn ) and PMID 17378256 & 22467837. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions usually develop unexpectedly. Can be severe and/or prolonged. Fatal in about 2%. Clinically, anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction with flushing, cramping, shock, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, empty vena cava syndrome, and/or the locked lung. Can lead to death within minutes from angioedema, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest and/or pulmonary edema (PMID: 16916722, 22467837, 28611774). Rechallenge with the drug for diagnostic purposes must be avoided. See also under IVb, VIIIa and b and X. Guidelines at PMID 15753926. Reviews, epidemiologic surveys at PMID 10823122, 12733472, 15073989, 16916722, 1789822,19217731, 19901808, 22987983, 22467837, 23741979, 24881890, 25538414, 29950872. Operative anaphylaxis is a severe form of anaphylaxis: PMID 19143700, 24251246, 22467837. All drugs that cause anaphylaxis may not be listed here. Guidelines, see also under PMID 24909803 and http://publications.nice.org.uk/anaphylaxis-assessment-to-confirm-an-anaphylactic-episode-and-the-decision-to-refer-after-emergency-cg134/introductionA series of DI anaphylaxis with >1000 cases has been published in 2017 (PMID 29086147).

Last update : 01/01/1970
 

Causative drugs

226

Etanercept

I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD)
I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis
I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component
I.q I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.q - Pulmonary nodulosis
I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)
I.y I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.y - Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)
V.f V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.f - Pneumothorax
V.m V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.m - Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative)
VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism
VI.d VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.d - Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis
VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
IX.q IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.q - Obstructive sleep apnea
X.b X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.b - Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd)
X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba)
X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic)
X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative)
X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive
X.ar X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ar - Relapse/flare/onset of Crohn's disease
XI.ad XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ad - Granulomas on tattoo edges
XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant)
XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im)
XV.ba XV - Pathology
XV.ba - Path: Granulomatous lymphadenopathy
XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
XVII.f XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.f - Tuberculosis, miliary
XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
XVII.h XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.h - Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection
XVII.ab XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.ab - Protozoan infection (incl. leishmaniasis)
1

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, 'alcohol')

II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury
II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)
IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism
VI.l VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.l - Acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and PHT
VIII.y VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.y - Sinonasal discharge, -blockage, -obstruction
IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)
XI.h XI - Miscellaneous
XI.h - Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula)
XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning
XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina
XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections
1

Excipients-Vehicle-Preservatives (of drugs)

I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis
I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component
I.t I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.t - Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, talcosis...)
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
IV.i IV - Airway involvement
IV.i - Foreign body aspiration bronchiolitis
VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension
VI.e VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.e - Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome
VI.g VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.g - Foreign body pulmonary vasculopathy (Excipient lung disease)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
X.bh X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.bh - Protracted, prolonged anaphylaxis
XI.d XI - Miscellaneous
XI.d - Metabolic acidosis (incl. lactic acidosis/-gap). May cause hyperpnea/dyspnea
XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
XV.q XV - Pathology
XV.q - Path: Foreign body deposits/granulomatous reaction
XV.ae XV - Pathology
XV.ae - Path: Lipid/fat embolism (see also VIe)
XVI.q XVI - Imaging
XVI.q - Imaging: A pattern similar/consistent to/with IPF
XVI.v XVI - Imaging
XVI.v - Imaging: Centrilobular micronodules (can be diffuse)
1

Fentanyl

I.n I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.n - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
IV.e IV - Airway involvement
IV.e - Cough (acute, violent, explosive)
IV.g IV - Airway involvement
IV.g - Cough syncope
VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma
VIII.e VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.e - Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus)
VIII.h VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.h - Vocal cord dysfunction, adduction, closure, injury
VIII.q VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.q - Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma)
IX.c IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.c - Chest wall muscle rigidity - Stiff/wooden chest
IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)
IX.i IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.i - Respiratory arrest - Apnea
IX.t IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.t - CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XI.g XI - Miscellaneous
XI.g - Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)
XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning
XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)
XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
1

Fluorouracil (5-FU)

I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis
I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf)
II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx)
IV.n IV - Airway involvement
IV.n - Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx)
X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure
XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)
XII.e XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.e - Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy
XII.g XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.g - Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest
XII.w XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.w - Asystole
XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina
XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity
XV.z XV - Pathology
XV.z - Path: Obliterative (constrictive) bronchiolitis (see also IVc, IVn)
1