Pneumotox » Drug » Morphine

Morphine

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Last update : 01/09/2016

I.l Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf)

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II.a Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

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II.b ARDS - Acute lung injury

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II.d Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic

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III.a Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

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IV.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma

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VI.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism

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VIII.e Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus)

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IX.c Chest wall muscle rigidity - Stiff/wooden chest

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IX.d Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)

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IX.i Respiratory arrest - Apnea

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IX.p Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea

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XII.a Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure

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XII.e Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy

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XV.g Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa)

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XV.w Path: Pulmonary edema (see also II/IIa)

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Diagnosing DIRD

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Drug and radiation history

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Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

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Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

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Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

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Careful exlusion of another cause

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Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

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Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

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Causality assessment

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